Michael Helm's Technology Blog
Linux Servers, Cpanel and Mysql and Raspberry Pi along with my own tech thoughts
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    Update Your Windows Programs with Ease: Mastering the winget upgrade Command

    Navigating Email Spam Filters: Understanding and Adjusting Sieve Scripts on Plesk Servers

    Expanding the Root Partition on Debian with LVM: A Step-by-Step Guide

    Block WordPress XML-RPC Requests on Linux Servers

    Anti-Spam on Servers…

    June 2, 2009By adminin Blog Tags: email security, filtering, greylisting, servers, spam, technology

    Fighting Spam Over the Years

    After several years of running different solutions, I think I’ve finally found a good balance in the fight against spam. The battle is ongoing, but at least things are now much more manageable.

    The Approaches I’ve Tried

    Over time, I’ve experimented with multiple methods to reduce spam:

    • Basic Filters: Initial attempts with simple keyword-based filtering.
    • Blacklists & Blocklists: Trying to block known spam sources.
    • More Advanced Solutions: Using Bayesian filtering and other adaptive systems.

    Each approach had its strengths and weaknesses, but none were foolproof on their own.

    What Works Best?

    The solution that has given me the best results so far is a combination of multiple layers:

    1. Greylisting – Temporarily rejecting first-time senders to deter spambots.
    2. Bayesian Filtering – Learning from previous spam and legitimate messages.
    3. Manual Whitelisting & Blacklisting – Ensuring trusted senders get through while keeping bad actors out.

    This approach significantly reduces spam without blocking legitimate messages.

    The Bottom Line

    Spam isn’t going away anytime soon, but with the right setup, it becomes far less of a problem. If you’re struggling with spam, consider layered filtering rather than relying on just one method.

    Loss of Title Bar / Close, Minimize, and Maximize Buttons in Ubuntu

    February 8, 2008By adminin Blog Tags: Compiz Fusion, Gutsy Gibbon, Linux, troubleshooting, Ubuntu, window manager

    Upgrading to Gutsy Gibbon & Encountering Issues

    A few weeks ago, I upgraded Ubuntu to Gutsy Gibbon (7.10), and everything seemed to be working fine—until I rebooted. That’s when I noticed a strange issue: the title bars and window control buttons (close, minimize, and maximize) were missing!

    Searching for a Solution

    I searched online and found that this problem wasn’t unique. Many people had experienced it, and the common suggestion was to restart the window manager using:

    metacity --replace

    This worked temporarily, but the issue would return after a reboot.

    A More Permanent Fix

    After some more digging, I found that the problem was related to Compiz Fusion. The fix was to reset my window manager settings:

    Open a terminal and type

    gconftool-2 --recursive-unset /apps/compiz

    Restart the window manager:

    metacity --replace &

    Enable Compiz Fusion again via the settings.

    Conclusion

    This resolved the issue for me, and now everything is working fine! If you’ve encountered a similar problem after upgrading to Gutsy Gibbon, hopefully, this fix will help.

    Cats Continued

    December 23, 2007By adminin Blog Tags: Cats, garden, home improvement, lion poo, pest control

    Well, after a few months, I thought I would update everyone about the Lion Poo story.

    I initially applied it after getting frustrated with cats treating our garden as a toilet, a harem, and whatever else they pleased. At first, there wasn’t much of a change, but after three days, we still saw the same number of cats—except they no longer stopped in the garden. They just walked through—no more poo, no more fighting, nothing!

    Even after a month, the situation remained the same. Now, about two months later, the cats are starting to come back, but overall, this Lion Poo stuff actually works! I had hoped it would keep them away entirely, but at least they’ve stopped using our “facilities,” and that’s good enough for me!

    Backup Backup Backup

    November 12, 2007By adminin Blog Tags: backup, data loss, disaster recovery, IT infrastructure, NAS, network storage, server management

    An incident earlier this week made me review the backup systems in place for my wife’s company (iHelm Enterprises).

    One of our clients doesn’t exclusively use us, and they ran into a major issue when another hosting provider lost a server—with no backups available. Worse still, the client didn’t regularly back up their own data, assuming that the hosting provider would have backups—which, of course, they didn’t.

    Our Backup Strategy—And Its Problems

    We’ve always been a bit unusual in that we routinely perform backups, but we don’t always do them daily. Our system has been in place for a while, but the process is… well, let’s say, a bit unorthodox:

    1. Server 1 performs its backup by transferring to Server 2.
    2. Server 2 then transfers both its own backup and Server 1’s backup to the next server.
    3. This continues until the final server, where the files are placed in a repository that only this server can access.
    4. A third-party provider then performs off-site backups from this repository.

    After hearing about our client’s catastrophic data loss, I decided to test our backup system—just to be sure. And here’s what I found:

    • (a) Our backup repository was completely full, and I hadn’t received any notifications about it.
    • (b) Getting files off the backup system was a nightmare. Some files were huge, and the server that had access to the repository didn’t have enough space to handle large transfers.
    • (c) Some of the servers weren’t properly notifying me of backup failures, so I had no idea whether some files were complete or corrupted.

    The New Backup System

    Clearly, this wasn’t ideal, so I decided to rethink our approach.

    Now, our servers transmit backups directly to our office computers. One of these computers is always on (24/7). This machine then uses Windows file sharing (yes, despite being a Linux machine!) to copy the backups to a new Network Attached Storage (NAS) device, which is stored securely in the office.

    Immediate Benefits We’ve Seen

    • We can easily check what files are backed up on the NAS.
    • Restoring data is much simpler—no more complex file transfers!
    • Each server has a dedicated backup schedule, so if something goes wrong, we only need to check that specific server and re-run the backup for just that machine.

    The Takeaway: Always Check Your Backups!

    If you provide backups for clients or even just back up your own work, take some time to review your backup system every now and then.

    Our system had been in place for over a year, and while it worked at the time, changes in technology (like the affordability of NAS devices) meant that better solutions were available.

    From now on, my new mantra is:
    Backup – Backup – Backup – Check – Review – Backup – Backup – Backup – Check – Review!

    Big Cat vs Small Cat

    September 26, 2007By adminin Blog Tags: Cats, garden, home improvement, lion poo, pest control, pet deterrents, Wildlife

    Since moving into our new house, we’ve had a bit of a cat problem—specifically, in the back garden.

    The previous owners didn’t really care for the garden and let it grow wild for about five years. As a result, all the local cats got very comfortable using it as their personal litter tray.

    Clearing the Garden—But What About the Cats?

    Now that we’ve cleared the weeds, the challenge is how to stop them from coming back. We have a few plans, including planting some strong-smelling plants to deter them, but those won’t be in place until next year at the earliest.

    In the meantime, we think we might have found a temporary solution…

    The Power of Lion Poo

    Yes, you read that right. You can actually buy Lion Poo online! Well, technically, it’s pellets infused with the scent and essence of lion dung, rather than the real thing.

    The idea is that smaller cats will pick up the scent of a much larger predator and instinctively avoid the area.

    Next Steps

    The Lion Poo pellets were delivered today, but I’m waiting for the weather to improve (and to be a bit more mobile) before spreading them around the garden.

    Hopefully, this will solve the problem—but if not, maybe the next step is to buy a lion! 😆

    Has anyone else tried this method successfully? Or is anyone remotely interested in knowing if it worked? If so, check back here in a month or so—I’ll post an update!

    Ubuntu as Home Desktop…

    September 19, 2007By adminin Blog Tags: Alternative OS, Home Computing, Linux Adoption, Linux Desktop, Linux vs Windows, Open Source, OS Comparison, Software Review, System Administration, Ubuntu

    For three months now, I have used Ubuntu as my primary home desktop operating system.

    At first, I was skeptical. Would it handle everything I needed? Could it replace Windows?

    Well, here’s what I’ve found:

    ✅ Pros:

    • Fast and responsive – No unnecessary bloat slowing things down.
    • Secure – No constant antivirus updates or security worries.
    • Customizable – I can tweak it exactly how I like it.
    • Great package management – Installing software is a breeze with apt-get.

    ❌ Cons:

    • Gaming is limited – Many games just don’t run natively.
    • Hardware compatibility – Some devices still lack decent Linux drivers.
    • MS Office reliance – LibreOffice is good, but not perfect for everything.
    ————————————————————————————–
    Some thoughts after a bit more usage
    —————————————————————————————

    The Software Installation Problem

    One of the great things about Linux (and Ubuntu in particular) is how easy it is to install software using tools like:

    • Adept Installer
    • Synaptic Package Manager
    • Command-line utilities (e.g., apt-get)

    However, here’s where I keep running into problems:

    I install a program only to find out that it doesn’t work—usually due to hardware limitations on my older machine (like low 3D memory).

    In Windows, this isn’t usually an issue. Most programs will check system requirements before installing and warn you if your hardware is incompatible. However, in Ubuntu (and Linux in general), these programs let you install them first and then just fail.

    Why Is This an Issue?

    The strange thing is, back in the old days of command-line Linux, programs would fail to compile if there were any compatibility issues, meaning they wouldn’t install in the first place. But as Linux has pushed to make installation easier and create the impression that it can run more programs, this robustness has been lost.

    Final Thoughts

    That being said, Ubuntu is still a great operating system. I imagine that with a few more releases, it will really take off—especially with more people using it thanks to Dell’s pre-installed Ubuntu offerings, which will hopefully generate more user feedback for developers.

    Now if someone could just prevent me from installing software that won’t work, that would be great!

    Putty – for SSH

    September 17, 2007By adminin Blog Tags: Linux, Networking, Open Source, PuTTY, Remote Access, Secure Shell, SSH, System Administration, Terminal Clients, Windows Tools

    I routinely use three distinctly different operating systems:

    • Windows XP – This runs on my laptop and desktop (though my desktop rarely boots into it now).
    • Ubuntu (Kubuntu) – My primary OS on the desktop, which is nearly always on and works great.
    • Mac OS X – Used in the office at work.

    The Problem with SSH on Mac OS X

    Generally, the Mac is fine, apart from some keyboard issues (since I don’t use a Mac-specific keyboard, so the mappings can get wonky). However, for SSH access, nothing on the Mac even comes close to Putty.

    Why Putty?

    Putty is a well-known and incredibly popular SSH client. I’ve been using it since around 2003—maybe even earlier.

    • It was primarily developed for Windows, and honestly, it’s the best SSH client I’ve seen.
    • It’s simple, clean, and efficient—letting you save session data and quickly access multiple servers.
    • It also exists for Linux, and I have it installed on my Ubuntu system. I don’t recall how I installed it, but it works similarly to the Windows version, with only minor quirks.

    But What About Mac?

    This is where the frustration kicks in. I’ve searched and searched, tried different builds, attempted compiling it from source—but nothing works properly!

    Why is there no real equivalent of Putty for Mac? There are a few options that pretend to be as good, but when you’re administering multiple servers, they just don’t quite cut it.

    Mac Software Gaps

    This isn’t just about Putty. There are several key programs available for Linux that make life easier for people switching from Windows—especially for those who still like using a graphical interface occasionally. But on Mac, these tools are just missing.

    I get that Apple wants the Mac to be more mainstream, and they are making progress. But they’re just not there yet…

    P.S.

    I’m sure I’ll rant about Windows and Ubuntu at some point too… in fact, I feel an Ubuntu rant coming soon…

    Why No Firewire Cable?

    September 16, 2007By adminin Blog Tags: Camcorders, Consumer Electronics, Digital Video, FireWire, Hardware Issues, Missing Accessories, Rant, Tech Annoyances, USB vs FireWire, Video Transfer

    You go and buy a brand-new camcorder—one that records to both SD card and Mini-DV tape.

    The camcorder itself is great! Recording to SD card works fine, though the quality is a little low, but the Mini-DV footage looks fantastic.

    Now here’s the annoying part…

    It comes with all the usual accessories—including a USB cable. But guess what’s missing? A FireWire cable!

    FireWire is the only practical way to transfer Mini-DV footage directly to a computer, so why don’t they supply one? It’s arguably far more useful than the USB cable they included.

    It’s just a frustrating little detail that makes no sense. Of course, the solution is simple: go buy a FireWire cable—which I have now done. But still… why not just include it in the first place?

    Bah!

    Mysql Error: Error 13 – Can’t get stat of

    September 7, 2007By adminin Blog Tags: Database Errors, Database Issues, Debugging MySQL, Error 13, File Permissions, Linux Permissions, MySQL, MySQL Troubleshooting, SQL Errors

    Error of the day:

    I had a script that used LOAD DATA INFILE to load data from a CSV file into a MySQL database table. It worked fine before, but after six months, I needed to use it again—and suddenly, this error kept appearing:

    ERROR 13 (HY000): Can't get stat of ‘/var/lib/mysql/database/file.frm’ (Errcode: 13)

     checked the script, verified that the file existed, and everything seemed fine… so what had changed?

    It turns out that a few months ago, we had separated our servers, meaning MySQL now runs on a separate machine. Because of this, LOAD DATA INFILE could no longer find the file as it wasn’t stored locally on the MySQL server.

    Solution:

    To resolve this, I had to use:


    LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE

    This command allows the client (in this case, a PHP-based server) to access the file and then pipe it to the MySQL server.

    The frustrating part of troubleshooting this was that most solutions online pointed to file permissions issues, when in reality, the problem was that the SQL server was remote and couldn’t access the file directly.

    Important Note:
    Due to security settings, you cannot usually use LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE if the file is stored on the same server as MySQL. In such cases, you still need to use:


    LOAD DATA INFILE

    Hope this helps someone else in the future who runs into the same issue!

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    Personal Software Projects Portfolio

    Update Your Windows Programs with Ease: Mastering the winget upgrade Command

    Navigating Email Spam Filters: Understanding and Adjusting Sieve Scripts on Plesk Servers

    Expanding the Root Partition on Debian with LVM: A Step-by-Step Guide

    Block WordPress XML-RPC Requests on Linux Servers

    Michael Helm's Technology Blog
    Copyright Michael Helm 2025.
    The earliest version of this site available is from October 2003 - possibly viewable here: https://web.archive.org/web/20031228013629/http://www.ihelm.org.uk:80/

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